Introduction

Understanding financial instruments like options and futures is crucial for risk management in commodity trading. In this episode of Hedging with Jorge, we explore the fundamental differences between call options and futures, particularly in aluminium trading.

What is a call option?

A call option gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a specific asset at a predetermined price (strike price) before or on the expiration date. This means that when you purchase a call, you are securing the right to buy at a future date, but you are not required to execute the trade.

Call options vs. Futures- The key differences

Futures and options both involve agreements for future transactions, but they operate in distinct ways:

Futures Contract: When you buy a futures contract, you are committing to purchasing the asset at a set price on a specified future date. For example, suppose you buy aluminium futures for the third Wednesday of June at $2,700 per ton. In that case, you are obligated to either close the position before settlement or take delivery of the metal.When you buy a futures contract, you are committing to purchasing the asset at a set price on a specified future date. For example, suppose you buy aluminium futures for the third Wednesday of June at $2,700 per ton. In that case, you are obligated to either close the position before settlement or take delivery of the metal.

Call option: A call option, on the other hand, gives you the right but not the obligation to buy a futures contract at a predetermined strike price. This means you pay a premium upfront to secure this right. If the market price moves favourably, you can exercise your option. If not, you can simply abandon it, limiting your losses to the premium paid.

Practical example

Let’s assume you buy a call option with a strike price of $2,700 for June. By paying a premium, you gain the right to purchase aluminium futures at this price. If the market price rises above $2,700, you can exercise your option and profit from the difference. If prices fall, you can let the option expire and only lose the premium.

In contrast, purchasing a futures contract at $2,700 means you are obligated to settle at that price, regardless of market fluctuations.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between options and futures is essential for making informed trading decisions. Futures contracts provide certainty but come with obligation, while call options offer flexibility at the cost of a premium. Traders must weigh these factors carefully to optimise their hedging strategies in the aluminium market.